15 See online supplemental file for definitions of models.
This review builds on the findings from a rapid review of grey literature that identified seven innovative models of care: consumer-focused care ambulatory care and diagnostic hospitals digital hospitals hospital in the home (HITH) integrated care virtual care and specialist hospitals and population-specific care units. 14 Applied models of care are often captured under broader categories of delivery, such as integrated care, outpatient care and telehealth. Models of care describe alternative methods of healthcare delivery that differ in setting, type of care, provider, population or the patient experience. 8–10 However, while these methods show promise, innovations in healthcare delivery have been adopted in an ad-hoc manner, without adequately addressing the potential for larger-scale, systematic changes in the care delivery.
5–7 The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the rollout of many of these innovative ways of delivering healthcare, termed models of care, including the adoption of telehealth and other virtual care methods. 4 For example, some hospitals have integrated emerging technologies (eg, artificial intelligence, robotics, big data analytics) into hospital workflows to provide more streamlined care to consumers. These include prioritising consumer engagement, 1 adopting cost-effective care alternatives that are positioned outside of conventional hospital settings, 3 and making investments in digitised care services. 1 2 In response to these growing demands and challenges, hospitals and governments internationally have adopted innovative approaches to care delivery.
The increasing demands of ageing populations and burgeoning rates of chronic illness have necessitated substantial changes in the delivery of acute care. Correspondence to Dr Robyn Clay-Williams.
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